Awareness and Perceptions of the HPV Vaccine in Oral Cancer Prevention Among Dental Students in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: This study was aimed to evaluate the awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dental students in Pakistan regarding Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and its vaccine.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was done using a structured questionnaire. The study population included dental students across Pakistan. Data were collected online, and 202 valid responses were analyzed using SPSS.

Results: Among 202 participants, 92.6% (n=187) had heard of HPV. Transmission through oral intimate contact was recognized by 89.0% (n=180), while 86.1% (n=174) acknowledged HPV as a risk factor for oral/oropharyngeal cancers. Awareness of the HPV vaccine was reported by 119 (58.9%), and only 43.6% (n=88) were aware of its availability in Pakistan. Knowledge of the ideal vaccination age was low, with 102 (50.5%) responding “don’t know.”. 89.6% (n=181) believed the vaccine reduces oral cancer risk. Most participants 94.0% (n=190) supported inclusion of HPV education in curriculum, 97.0% (n=196) expressed willingness to recommend vaccination in practice.

Conclusion: This study is one of the first multi-institutional baseline evidence from Pakistan on dental students’ awareness and perceptions regarding HPV and its vaccine in oral cancer prevention. While general awareness of HPV was high, critical gaps in vaccine-related knowledge, availability, and practices were identified. Strengthening vaccine literacy among future oral health professionals may play a pivotal role in advancing oral cancer prevention and informing national immunization and public health strategies in Pakistan.