Optimization of Antigen Retrieval Solutions for Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry

Abstract

Antigen retrieval is often used in immunohistochemistry. There are conflicting interests on the optimal retrieval technique for particular antigens. In many papers, EDTA and citric acid have been employed extensively. However, tissue damage, loss of structural integrity, and section loss especially in delicate specimens have resulted from higher pH and EDTA-based solutions, which have yielded inconsistent, even contradicting results and limits. This review study aimed to assess the effectiveness of several antigen retrieval techniques in immunohistochemistry, namely heat-induced epitope retrieval (HIER). The primary objective would be to assess how well antigen retrieval solutions enhanced antigen detection in paraffin-embedded tissue samples that have been preserved in formalin using published findings in a controlled experimental design to ensure consistency and dependability. The study would additionally evaluate the quality of antigen detection and the preservation of tissue morphology.