Integrative Cancer Care: Leveraging Nutrition and Positive Psychology for Optimal Outcomes

  1. Maryam Arabmoorchegani ,
  2. Mahsa Abbasi ,
  3. Mahya Asadalizadeh ,
  4. Forough Motavaf

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Nursing

DOI 10.31557/apjcn.1796.20250504

Submitted: Feb 21, 2025

Published: May 4, 2025

Abstract

Overview: This review article examines novel approaches in cancer management, emphasizing the roles of healthy nutrition and positive psychology. In recent years, numerous studies have evaluated the effects of diets rich in antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and fiber, as well as psychological interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness practices, on improving both the physical and mental well-being of cancer patients.


Methods: Relevant studies were retrieved from international databases using keywords including “cancer,” “healthy nutrition,” “positive psychology,” “complementary treatment,” and “immune system.” Inclusion criteria comprised clinical articles, meta-analyses, and observational studies focusing on the impact of nutritional and psychological interventions on treatment outcomes in cancer patients. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using internationally recognized standards.


Results: The findings indicate that nutritional interventions can enhance cellular metabolism, reduce inflammation, and strengthen the immune system, which may contribute to slowing tumor growth. Additionally, psychological interventions have been shown to reduce anxiety and depression, improve emotional coping, and enhance the overall quality of life in patients. Notably, integrated approaches that combine nutritional and psychological strategies addressing both physical and mental health concurrently have yielded particularly promising results. However, some studies have reported limitations, such as small sample sizes and high variability in patient populations.


Conclusion: Integrating healthy nutritional strategies with psychological interventions as complementary therapies shows considerable potential for improving clinical outcomes and the quality of life in cancer patients. Future research employing more rigorous clinical designs and larger sample sizes is needed to clarify the precise role of these approaches within comprehensive cancer treatment protocols.

Introduction

As methods for detecting and treating various diseases continue to evolve, technology has played a crucial role in advancing this process [1-9]. Recent scientific research has led to significant advancements in various fields, including medicine, health, and technology. In pharmaceutical supply chain management, optimization models have been developed to improve drug distribution during crises such as pandemics, ensuring better access to essential treatments for patients [10]. Additionally, the impact of digitalization on mental health, particularly digital game addiction, has become an important research area that requires further investigation into its psychological and behavioral consequences [11]. In the field of nutrition and health, studies have shown that certain dietary components can positively affect metabolic and inflammatory markers in chronic diseases [12]. Meanwhile, cancer research has focused on understanding molecular changes in cells, which can contribute to a better understanding of disease progression and the development of new treatment strategies [13]. Research in maternal and neonatal health has also examined the relationship between biological markers and pregnancy outcomes, leading to improvements in screening and diagnostic methods [14]. On the other hand, materials engineering has seen innovations in advanced composite materials that enhance mechanical performance and durability [15]. In targeted cancer therapy, nanotechnology has facilitated the development of novel drug delivery systems, improving the precision of chemotherapy while minimizing side effects [16-17]. Moreover, diagnostic and pathological studies have emphasized the importance of aligning clinical observations with pathological findings to enhance diagnostic accuracy [18]. In dentistry, the use of specific compounds in restorative materials has led to improved bond strength and remineralization potential [19]. Additionally, research on environmental factors influencing disease development, particularly in oral cancer, has provided valuable insights into prevention and management strategies [20]. Cancer remains one of the most formidable health challenges worldwide, representing a leading cause of morbidity and mortality [21-24]. Despite notable advancements in conventional treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and surgical interventions, these approaches are often accompanied by significant physical and psychological side effects [25-27]. Consequently, there is a growing interest in complementary and integrative strategies that can enhance the efficacy of traditional treatments while improving the overall well- being and quality of life of cancer patients [28-30]. An integrative approach that addresses both the physiological and psychological needs of patients has gained increasing attention in recent years, offering the potential for more holistic cancer care [31-33]. Among the emerging complementary strategies, healthy nutrition and positive psychology have demonstrated promising potential. Numerous studies have highlighted the role of specific dietary components in supporting the body’s ability to combat cancer. Diets rich in antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and dietary fiber have been shown to reduce inflammation, enhance cellular metabolism, and strengthen the immune system factors that collectively may contribute to slowing tumor growth and improving patient resilience during treatment [34]. For instance, antioxidants help neutralize free radicals that can damage cells [35], while omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties that may inhibit cancer progression [36]. Additionally, fiber supports gut health, which plays a crucial role in modulating immune responses [37]. Research suggests that omega-3 supplementation can improve the antioxidant status of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, further enhancing the body’s resilience [38]. Moreover, studies indicate that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may act as pharmaconutrients, reducing inflammatory responses and supporting overall well-being during cancer treatment [39]. The role of nutrition in cancer care extends beyond physical health, as it may also positively influence mental well-being. Omega-3 fatty acids, for example, exhibit neuroprotective activity, potentially mitigating depression and anxiety in cancer patients [40]. Additionally, dietary interventions with omega-3 fatty acids and fiber-enriched formulas have been found to improve nutritional status and inflammatory responses in patients undergoing cancer treatment [41]. Parallel to nutritional interventions, psychological well-being has emerged as a critical determinant of cancer outcomes. The psychological burden of a cancer diagnosis, coupled with the stress of treatment, can lead to anxiety, depression, and diminished coping abilities [42]. Positive psychology, which focuses on fostering strengths such as optimism, resilience, and meaning in life, has shown considerable promise in supporting the mental health of cancer patients [43]. Psychological interventions like cognitive- behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness practices, and stress management programs have been associated with reduced levels of anxiety and depression, improved emotional regulation, and enhanced overall quality of life [44]. These interventions not only improve mental health but may also have physiological benefits, such as modulating stress-related hormonal pathways that influence immune function [45]. Research suggests that mindfulness-based interventions can significantly reduce psychological distress and improve overall well-being in cancer patients [46]. Furthermore, studies indicate that structured psychological interventions, including mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), can help patients develop adaptive coping strategies, reduce fear of cancer recurrence, and improve emotional resilience [47]. Notably, integrative approaches that combine nutritional and psychological strategies offer synergistic benefits. Addressing both the body and mind concurrently can lead to better treatment adherence, reduced treatment-related complications, and improved long-term outcomes [48]. For example, patients who engage in mindfulness practices may be more likely to adhere to dietary recommendations, while proper nutrition can enhance energy levels and cognitive function, making psychological interventions more effective [49]. Emerging evidence suggests that such holistic strategies can improve survival rates, reduce recurrence risks, and foster a sense of empowerment among patients navigating their cancer journeys [50]. However, despite these promising findings, the field faces challenges, including limited large-scale clinical trials, heterogeneity in patient populations, and variability in intervention protocols [51]. Many existing studies suffer from small sample sizes and lack standardized methodologies, making it difficult to draw definitive conclusions [52]. Future research employing rigorous clinical trial designs, larger and more diverse populations, and standardized intervention frameworks is essential to establish the precise roles and mechanisms of these integrative approaches in cancer care [53]. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the current evidence regarding the roles of healthy nutrition and positive psychology in cancer management. It explores how these interventions can complement conventional treatments, improve clinical outcomes, and enhance the overall quality of life for cancer patients. By highlighting the synergistic potential of integrated nutritional and psychological care, this review underscores the need for a more holistic perspective in the fight against cancer.

Results

Findings

Following a systematic search in international scientific databases using keywords such as “cancer,” “healthy nutrition,” “positive psychology,” “complementary treatment,” and “immune system,” a substantial number of articles and studies were identified. After applying the inclusion criteria and removing duplicates or those lacking the required quality, a set of studies (including review articles, meta-analyses, and randomized clinical trials) was ultimately included.

1. The Role of Nutrition in Overall Health and Immune Function

• Diets Rich in Antioxidants, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Fiber Reduce Systemic Inflammation and Improve Immune Function in Cancer Patients

Many studies have shown that diets rich in antioxidants (e.g., vitamins C and E), omega-3 fatty acids (found in fatty fish, seeds, and nuts), and fiber (fruits, vegetables, whole grains) can help reduce systemic inflammation, which is often linked to improved immune function in cancer patients. A systematic review indicated that vitamins A, C, E, selenium, and zinc act as antioxidants that strengthen the body’s defense mechanisms, while omega-3 fatty acids regulate inflammation and inhibit tumor proliferation [37]. Additionally, omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil have demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties and may counteract cancer-related complications [54-55]. Furthermore, dietary fiber has been found to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress [56]. Diets rich in fruits and vegetables, which provide essential fiber and antioxidants, have also been linked to lower systemic inflammation and improved lung health [57].

• Appropriate Calorie Intake and Essential Micronutrients Influence Cellular Metabolism and Tumor Growth

Evidence also indicates that appropriate calorie intake and the inclusion of essential micronutrients can positively influence cellular metabolism and signaling pathways associated with tumor growth. Research has shown that omega-3 fatty acids help suppress tumor growth by reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and tumor cell proliferation [36]. Additionally, bioactive food components, such as vitamins C and E, omega-3 fatty acids, and certain polyphenols, have been found to modulate immune response and reduce cancer risk by targeting inflammatory pathways [58]. Furthermore, a Mediterranean diet, which is rich in omega-3 fatty acids and plant-based antioxidants, has been associated with decreased chronic inflammation and protection against cancer and metabolic disorders [59].

2. Effectiveness of Positive Psychology Interventions

• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Mindfulness-Based Interventions Reduce Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in Cancer Patients

Multiple studies suggest that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and mindfulness-based interventions can reduce stress, anxiety, and depression in cancer patients. A randomized clinical trial found that both mindfulness- based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and CBT significantly reduced anxiety [44]. Another study confirmed that CBT interventions improve anxiety, depression, and overall quality of life among pre-diagnosed lung cancer patients [60]. Furthermore, MBCT was shown to be effective in alleviating anxiety symptoms and enhancing quality of life in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy [61]. These interventions also appear to improve sleep quality, increase motivation to continue treatment, and decrease perceived pain. A systematic review and meta-analysis concluded that MBCT and CBT were equally effective in improving anxiety, depression, and sleep quality among individuals with anxiety disorders [62]., depression, and fatigue in cancer patients, with no significant difference between the two therapies

• Positive Psychology Interventions Improve Treatment Tolerance and Quality of Life (QoL)

Some research highlights that interventions rooted in positive psychology—such as optimism training or enhancing a sense of purpose in life—are significantly associated with better tolerance of treatment side effects and improved quality of life (QoL). A study on mindfulness-based interventions found that they not only reduced anxiety and depression but also increased self-efficacy and hopefulness, which are critical factors in treatment adherence [63]. Additionally, research on CBT-based interventions demonstrated that patients receiving psychological support reported improved coping mechanisms, which enhanced their ability to manage treatment-related stress and pain [64].

3. Combined Approaches of Nutrition and Positive Psychology

• Integrative Interventions Combining Nutrition and Psychological Support

A considerable portion of recent research focuses on integrative interventions targeting both nutritional improvements and psychological support. Findings show that patients who receive an appropriate diet alongside mindfulness or CBT tend to achieve physical and mental stability faster compared to control groups. A pilot study demonstrated that integrating mindfulness-based interventions with exercise and nutritional training led to greater reductions in BMI and weight among obese cancer patients, as well as improved cognitive regulation of appetitive behaviors [65]. Similarly, another study found that integrative body-mind-spirit interventions resulted in significant improvements in quality of life and reduced depression in lung cancer patients compared to traditional CBT approaches [66]. Additionally, research suggests that combining nutrition, exercise, and mindfulness may improve long-term outcomes and reduce treatment-related toxicities in breast cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy [67].

Clinical Examples

Below are eight clinical examples reported in various studies, illustrating the effective integration of nutrition and positive psychology in improving the condition of cancer patients:

1. Anti-Inflammatory Diet + Group CBT in Breast Cancer

In a small randomized trial on women with early-stage breast cancer, a diet rich in leafy green vegetables, antioxidant-rich fruits (e.g., berries), and omega-3 fatty acids combined with weekly CBT sessions led to reduced inflammatory markers (CRP and IL-6) and improved mental health scores for anxiety and depression [68-71].

2. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) + Mediterranean Diet in Colorectal Cancer

A study on patients with colon and rectal cancers indicated that following a Mediterranean diet (high in olive oil, vegetables, and whole grains) alongside an eight-week daily mindfulness practice enhanced sleep quality and reduced anxiety, thereby improving patients’ tolerance to chemotherapy [72-74].

3. Omega-3 Supplementation + Optimism Training in Lung Cancer

In another study involving lung cancer patients, daily supplementation with omega-3 (under a nutritionist’s supervision) paired with individual weekly optimism- training sessions significantly prevented unintentional weight loss and reduced depressive symptoms. Patient satisfaction with treatment also showed a marked increase [75-78].

4. Plant-Based Diet + Multifaceted Positive Psychology Interventions in Ovarian Cancer

A group of ovarian cancer patients followed a plant-based diet (rich in legumes, soy, vegetables, and fruits) combined with group positive-psychology sessions designed to enhance hope, self-efficacy, and social support. They exhibited notable improvements in quality-of-life (QoL) indicators, and several immune-related blood parameters improved moderately [79-82].

5. Low-Carbohydrate Diet + Mindful Yoga in Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

An exploratory study found that integrating a low- carbohydrate diet (with controlled amounts of healthy proteins and fats) and mindful yoga sessions reduced chronic fatigue in Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients and created a more favorable setting for radiotherapy response [83-86].

6. Protein-Enriched Beverages + Breathing Relaxation Techniques in Gastrointestinal Cancers

In a medium-sized clinical trial, patients with upper gastrointestinal cancers (esophageal and gastric) who consumed daily protein-enriched beverages along with training in breathing relaxation techniques showed more stable body weight and reported lower pain levels compared to the control group [87-90].

7. Vitamin D Supplementation + Logotherapy in Prostate Cancer

A prospective study in men with prostate cancer found that vitamin D intake (as advised by a specialist) along with logotherapy sessions enhanced patients’ mental and physical energy levels while reducing hopelessness. Participants were also more consistent in attending radiotherapy and hormone therapy sessions [91-94].

8. Comprehensive Lifestyle Intervention (Nutrition + Exercise) + Group Positive Counseling in Leukemia

In a study on patients with chronic leukemia, lifestyle modification based on a balanced diet (combining plant and animal proteins but limiting simple sugars) and regular physical activity, coupled with group counseling emphasizing a positive outlook and peer support, increased patients’ adherence to treatment and lowered anxiety levels [95-97].

These eight examples illustrate that nutrition and psychological interventions, when combined and tailored to individual patient needs, can contribute to improved treatment outcomes, better tolerance of side effects, and an enhanced quality of life in individuals with cancer. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity of interventions (in terms of dietary composition, number of psychological sessions, study duration, cancer type, etc.) remains a significant barrier to establishing a standardized, universally applicable protocol. Consequently, larger- scale longitudinal clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings and to develop precise, evidence-based treatment guidelines.

In conclusion, current evidence strongly supports the integration of nutritional strategies and positive psychology interventions as complementary approaches in cancer care. Nutritional patterns rich in antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, fiber, and essential micronutrients have been shown to reduce systemic inflammation, enhance immune function, and suppress tumor progression. At the same time, psychological interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness-based approaches (MBCT), and other positive psychology techniques significantly improve mental health outcomes, including anxiety, depression, sleep quality, and treatment adherence. These combined interventions not only foster physical and emotional well-being but also appear to contribute to improved treatment tolerance and overall quality of life. Collectively, the findings suggest that an integrative, biopsychosocial approach to cancer treatment holds significant promise for enhancing patient outcomes. However, despite these encouraging results, several challenges hinder the widespread implementation of such integrative approaches. One major issue is the heterogeneity of interventions across studies, including variations in dietary components, duration of psychological support, cancer type, and outcome measures. This lack of standardization makes it difficult to draw definitive conclusions or compare results across trials. In addition, many existing studies are limited by small sample sizes and short follow-up periods, which reduce their statistical power and limit the generalizability of findings. The absence of standardized, evidence-based protocols for combining nutrition and psychological interventions in clinical oncology settings also poses a significant barrier. Moreover, patient acceptance of these interventions may be influenced by cultural, socioeconomic, and educational factors, further complicating implementation. An increasing body of interdisciplinary research highlights the role of systemic factors ranging from healthcare policy inefficiencies and biomaterial innovations to the application of artificial intelligence in understanding, managing, and potentially mitigating complex disease pathways and global health challenges [98-101].

Looking ahead, future research should prioritize large-scale, multicenter randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up to more rigorously evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined nutritional and psychological interventions. Developing personalized, adaptable protocols based on individual patient profiles including cancer type, stage, psychological state, and nutritional needs will be crucial for maximizing benefits. Additionally, efforts should be made to integrate these complementary strategies into routine oncology care, supported by interdisciplinary collaboration among oncologists, dietitians, and mental health professionals. Public education campaigns and professional training programs will also be essential to enhance awareness and acceptance of integrative care. Ultimately, with well-designed research and strategic implementation, these holistic approaches have the potential to become a valuable component of comprehensive cancer treatment.

Acknowledgments

Statement of Transparency and Principals

• Author declares no conflict of interest

• Study was approved by Research Ethic Committee of author affiliated Institute.

• Study’s data is available upon a reasonable request.

• All authors have contributed to implementation of this research.

References

  1. Berberis vulgaris fruit crude extract as a novel anti-leukaemic agent Saedi T. A., Ghafourian S., Jafarlou M., Sabariah M. N., Ismail P., Eusni R. M. T., Othman F.. Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents.2015;29(2).
  2. High Cholesterol Diet Increases Expression of Cholesterol 24-Hydroxylase and BACE1 in Rat Hippocampi: Implications for the Effect of Diet Cholesterol on Memory Nikasa M, Karimi P, Rajavand H, Afshari F, Jafarlou M, Soltanali M. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal.2024;18(12):e35677. CrossRef
  3. The Combination of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 Suppression Significantly Decreased the Expression Levels of Cancer Stem Cell Factors in the Pancreatic Cancer Cell Line Alizadeh N, Kazemi T, Hemmat N, Jafarlou M, Baradaran B. ImmunoAnalysis.2023;3(1). CrossRef
  4. Regulation of Dendritic Cell Functions by Vitamins as Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Immune System Disorders Ghahramanipour Z, Alipour S, Masoumi J, Rostamlou A, Hatami-Sadr A, Heris JA , Naseri B, Jafarlou M, Baradaran B. Advanced Biology.2023;7(12). CrossRef
  5. Combination of B7H6-siRNA and temozolomide synergistically reduces stemness and migration properties of glioblastoma cancer cells Allahyarzadeh Khiabani N, Amin Doustvandi M, Mohammadnejad F, Salmani Hassan Kohal E, Boushehri N, Jafarlou M, Baradaran B. Experimental Cell Research.2023;429(1). CrossRef
  6. The modulatory role of dendritic cell-T cell cross-talk in breast cancer: Challenges and prospects Shahverdi M, Masoumi J, Ghorbaninezhad F, Shajari N, Hajizadeh F, Hassanian H, Alizadeh N, Jafarlou M, Baradaran B. Advances in Medical Sciences.2022;67(2). CrossRef
  7. siRNA-mediated inhibition of survivin gene enhances the anti-cancer effect of etoposide in U-937 acute myeloid leukemia cells Jafarlou M., Baradaran B., Shanehbandi D., Saedi T. A., Jafarlou V., Ismail P., Othman F.. Cellular and Molecular Biology (Noisy-Le-Grand, France).2016;62(6).
  8. Dual silencing of tumor-intrinsic VISTA and CTLA-4 stimulates T-cell mediated immune responses and inhibits MCF7 breast cancer development Hosseinkhani N, Hemmat N, Baghbani E, Baghbanzadeh A, Kazemi T, Mokhtarzadeh A, Jafarlou M, Amin Doustvandi M, Baradaran B. Gene.2024;896. CrossRef
  9. Inflammatory reflex disruption in COVID-19 Hajiasgharzadeh K, Jafarlou M, Mansoori B, Dastmalchi N, Baradaran B, Khabbazi A. Clinical & Experimental Neuroimmunology.2022. CrossRef
  10. A multistage stochastic optimization model for resilient pharmaceutical supply chain in COVID-19 pandemic based on patient group priority. 2024 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS) Mahdavimanshadi M, Anaraki MG , Mowlai M, Ahmadirad Z. IEEE.2024. CrossRef
  11. The Dark Side of Digitalization: A Visual Journey of Research through Digital Game Addiction and Mental Health Nawaser K, Jafarkhani F, Khamoushi S, Yazdi A, Mohsenifard H, Gharleghi B. IEEE Eng Manag Rev.2024;:1-27. CrossRef
  12. The effect of synbiotics on liver enzymes, obesity indices, blood pressure, lipid profile, and inflammation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Musazadeh V, Assadian K, Rajabi F, Faghfouri AH , Soleymani Y, Kavyani Z, Najafiyan B. Pharmacological Research.2024;208. CrossRef
  13. Downregulation of LPAR1 Promotes Invasive Behavior in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Cells Bokaii Hosseini Z, Rajabi F, Morovatshoar R, Ashrafpour M, Behboodi P, Zareie D, Natami M. Cancer Informatics.2024;23. CrossRef
  14. Comparison of pregnancy outcomes in amniocentesis recipients with normal and abnormal maternal serum analytes Shoarishoar SS , Milani F, Adineh S, Sorouri ZR , Maryam Attari S. Cellular and Molecular Biology (Noisy-Le-Grand, France).2024;70(11). CrossRef
  15. Sulfur-driven reactive processing of multiscale graphene/carbon fiber- polyether ether ketone (PEEK) composites with tailored crystallinity and enhanced mechanical performance Motta de Castro E, Bozorgmehrian F, Carrola M, Koerner H, Samouei H, Asadi A. Composites Part B: Engineering.2025;295. CrossRef
  16. Folic Acid-Conjugated Nanoniosomes: An Effective Carrier for Targeted Bleomycin Delivery in Oral Cancer Salehan F, Mohammadi Y, Shieh M, Askarizadeh M, Rahmani S, Alishahi F, Hheidari A. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology.2025;10(1). CrossRef
  17. Utilizing Niosome Nanoparticles for the Combined Treatment of Curcumin and Cisplatin in Oral Cancer Rezaei F, Fesharakinia T, Gavanaroudi SB , Rezaeianjam M, Goodarzi MK , Abdollahi M, Akaberi K. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology.2024;9(4). CrossRef
  18. Evaluating the Harmony Between Clinical Observations and Pathological Findings in Oral Soft Tissue Lesions: A Two-Decade Retrospective Study of Diagnostic Consistency Shamloo N, Afzali Z, Rezaeianjam M, Khanlari Goodarzi M. Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery.2025;24(1). CrossRef
  19. The Effect of Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Containing Bonding Agents on Dentin Shear Bond Strength and Remineralization Potential: An in Vitro Study Yeganeh PK , Teimourian H, Omidi BR , Amiri F, Tahriri M, Farahmandpour N. Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada.2024;24. CrossRef
  20. Environmental Determinants of Oral Cancer Development: An Overview Maddahi M, Ghanbarikondori P, Amiri F, Abdi N, Jahromi AM , Pour NS , Allahyartorkaman M, Moazzam F. Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer.2024;7(1). CrossRef
  21. Application of ecological and mathematical theory to cancer: New challenges. Kim Y, Friedman A, Kashdan E, Ledzewicz Y, Yun C. Mathematical biosciences and engineering: MBE.2015;12(6). CrossRef
  22. Early Detection and Screening of Cancer Prabhakar P, Punnaveetil S. 2018;:149-160. CrossRef
  23. Cancer Epidemiology In The World. Modern Problems of Science and Education Makimbetov E, Salikhar R, Tumanbaev A, Toktanalieva A, Kerimov A. 2020. CrossRef
  24. Cancer Burden Among Arab-World Females in 2020: Working Toward Improving Outcomes Mahdi Hala, Mula-Hussain Layth, Ramzi Zhian S., Tolba Marwan, Abdel-Rahman Omar, Abu-Gheida Ibrahim, Khorshid Ola, et al . JCO global oncology.2022;8. CrossRef
  25. Gastrointestinal side effects of cancer treatments O'Reilly Mary, Mellotte Gregory, Ryan Barbara, O'Connor Anthony. Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease.2020;11. CrossRef
  26. Interventions to Mitigate Chemotherapy Side Effects in Lung Cancer Patients Li w. Journal of Student Research.2024;12. CrossRef
  27. Mechanism and research progress of classical prescriptions and non-classical prescriptions in prevention and treatment of side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy DU W, Wang W, Cao Yi. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica.2022;47(23). CrossRef
  28. Evidence-based usefulness of integrative therapies in breast cancer Magno S., Filippone A., Scaldaferri A.. Translational cancer research.2018.
  29. Integrative approaches in breast cancer patients: A mini-review Magno S, Alessio F, Scaldaferri A, Sacchini V, Chiesa F. ResearchGate.2024;:460-464. CrossRef
  30. Supportive cancer care: is integrative oncology the future? Theunissen grid, Bagot J. Current Opinion in Oncology.2024;36(4). CrossRef
  31. Integrative Approaches to the Treatment of Cancer O'Brien K, Ried K, Binjemain T, Sali A. Cancers.2022;14(23). CrossRef
  32. Evidence-Based Integrative Health Care to Promote Quality of Life in Older Adults With Cancer Majeski R, Chiaramonte D. Innovation in Aging.2021;5(Supplement_1). CrossRef
  33. Integrative Oncology: The Role of Complementary Medicine in Supportive Cancer Care Deng G, Latte-Naor S. 2018;:145-161. CrossRef
  34. [NUTRIENTS AND RADIOTHERAPY; REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE] Luna J, Amaya E, Torres MV , Peña MC , Prieto I. Nutricion Hospitalaria.2015;32(6). CrossRef
  35. The role of nutritional lipids and antioxidants in UV-induced skin cancer Black HS . Frontiers in Bioscience (Scholar Edition).2015;7(1). CrossRef
  36. Omega-3 Fatty Acid and its Protective Effect against Cancer and Cancer-related Complication Samanta C, Tewari S, Chakraborty D, Vaishnav S. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International.2022. CrossRef
  37. Diet as a Factor Supporting Lung Cancer Treatment-A Systematic Review Polański J, Świątoniowska-Lonc N, Kołaczyńska S, Chabowski M. Nutrients.2023;15(6). CrossRef
  38. Improved antioxidant status by omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: a case series Mansara P, Ketkar M, Deshpande R, Chaudhary A, Shinde K, Kaul-Ghanekar R. Journal of Medical Case Reports.2015;9. CrossRef
  39. Protective Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Cancer-Related Complications Freitas RDS , Campos MM . Nutrients.2019;11(5). CrossRef
  40. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Their Role in Pediatric Cancer Podpeskar A, Crazzolara R, Kropshofer G, Hetzer B, Meister B, Müller T, Salvador C. Nutrients.2021;13(6). CrossRef
  41. Effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on nutritional status in patients with gastric cancer during chemotherapy Nemati A, Nachvak S, Djafarian K, Faizi-Khankandi I. Journal of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics.2015.
  42. Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Therapy for Reducing Anxiety and Depression in Patients With Cancer: A Meta-analysis Zhang M, Wen Y, Liu W, Peng L, Wu X, Liu Q. Medicine.2015;94(45). CrossRef
  43. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Quality of Life, Psychological Distress, and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies in Patients With Breast Cancer Under Early Chemotherapy-a Randomized Controlled Trial Zhu P, Liu X, Shang Xi, Chen Y, Chen C, Wu Q. Holistic Nursing Practice.2023;37(3). CrossRef
  44. Efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety, Depression, and Fatigue in Cancer Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial Sheikhzadeh M, Zanjani Z, Baari A. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry.2021;16(3). CrossRef
  45. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Psychological Distress, Fear of Cancer Recurrence, Fatigue, Spiritual Well-Being, and Quality of Life in Patients With Breast Cancer-A Randomized Controlled Trial Park S, Sato Y, Takita Y, Tamura N, Ninomiya A, Kosugi T, Sado M, et al . Journal of Pain and Symptom Management.2020;60(2). CrossRef
  46. Face-to-Face and Internet-Based Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Compared With Treatment as Usual in Reducing Psychological Distress in Patients With Cancer: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial Compen F, Bisseling E, Schellekens M, Donders R, Carlson L, Lee M, Speckens A. Journal of Clinical Oncology: Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.2018;36(23). CrossRef
  47. Acceptance and commitment therapy versus mindfulness-based stress reduction for newly diagnosed head and neck cancer patients: A randomized controlled trial assessing efficacy for positive psychology, depression, anxiety, and quality of life Zhang Z, Leong Bin Abdullah MFI , Shari NI , Lu P. PloS One.2022;17(5). CrossRef
  48. The Role of Nutrition in Integrative Oncology Henrich C. 2000;:407-436. CrossRef
  49. Unmet Nutritional and Psychological Needs of Cancer Patients: An Integrated Multi-Professional Model Approach Carruba G, Calagna ML , Campisi I, Cutrera S, Napoli L, Pitti G, Palmisano V, et al . Diseases (Basel, Switzerland).2022;10(3). CrossRef
  50. Integrative therapies in cancer: modulating a broad spectrum of targets for cancer management Block KI , Block PB , Gyllenhaal C. Integrative Cancer Therapies.2015;14(2). CrossRef
  51. Integrative Oncology Trials in the Real World: Assessing the Pragmatism of an Ongoing Integrative Oncology Trial of Mindfulness and T'ai Chi/Qigong Carlson LE , Oberoi DV , Qureshi M, Subnis U. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.).2018;24(9-10). CrossRef
  52. N-of-1 Trials in Pediatric Oncology: From a Population-Based Approach to Personalized Medicine-A Review Kyr M, Svobodnik A, Stepanova R, Hejnova R. Cancers.2021;13(21). CrossRef
  53. Genomic Alteration-Driven Clinical Trial Designs in Oncology Simon R. Annals of Internal Medicine.2016;165(4). CrossRef
  54. Dietary factors and lung cancer risk in Japanese: with special reference to fish consumption and adenocarcinomas Takezaki T., Hirose K., Inoue M., Hamajima N., Yatabe Y., Mitsudomi T., Sugiura T., Kuroishi T., Tajima K.. British Journal of Cancer.2001;84(9). CrossRef
  55. Effects of different doses of fish oil on rectal cell proliferation in patients with sporadic colonic adenomas Anti M., Armelao F., Marra G., Percesepe A., Bartoli G. M., Palozza P., Parrella P., et al . Gastroenterology.1994;107(6). CrossRef
  56. Soluble fiber-enriched diets improve inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers in Zucker fatty rats Sánchez D, Quiñones M, Moulay L, Muguerza B, Miguel M, Aleixandre A. Pharmacological Research.2011;64(1). CrossRef
  57. Diet and lung disease-Are fruits and vegetables the ideal whole-food intervention? Wood LG . Respirology (Carlton, Vic.).2021;26(6). CrossRef
  58. Cancer prevention by dietary bioactive components that target the immune response Ferguson LR , Philpott M. Current Cancer Drug Targets.2007;7(5). CrossRef
  59. The immune protective effect of the Mediterranean diet against chronic low-grade inflammatory diseases Casas R, Sacanella E, Estruch R. Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders Drug Targets.2014;14(4). CrossRef
  60. Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Improving Anxiety, Depression, and Quality of Life in Pre-Diagnosed Lung Cancer Patients Sutanto YS , Ibrahim D, Septiawan D, Sudiyanto A, Kurniawan H. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP.2021;22(11). CrossRef
  61. The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy to Improve Anxiety Symptoms and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients Melati KBDS , Bellynda M, Yarso KY , Kusuma W, Sudiyanto A. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP.2024;25(9). CrossRef
  62. Mindfulness-based therapy versus cognitive behavioral therapy for people with anxiety symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of random controlled trials Li J, Cai Z, Li X, Du R, Shi Z, Hua Q, Zhang M, et al . Annals of Palliative Medicine.2021;10(7). CrossRef
  63. Efficacy of New Mindfulness-Based Swinging Technique Intervention: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial Among Women With Breast Cancer Bahcivan O, Estapé T, Gutierrez-Maldonado J. Frontiers in Psychology.2022;13. CrossRef
  64. Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Techniques on Anxiety and Depression in Cancer Patients Soylu C. ResearchGate.2024. CrossRef
  65. Integrated Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) and physical health intervention for cancer survivors with obesity: Preliminary results from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Beck AC , Garland EL , Hansen PA , Walker D, Reimers C, Thomas EA , Mijangos J, White S. Journal of Clinical Oncology.2015;33(29_suppl). CrossRef
  66. Comparing the efficacy of integrative body-mind-spirit intervention with cognitive behavioral therapy in patient-caregiver parallel groups for lung cancer patients using a randomized controlled trial Lau BHP , Chow AYM , Ng T, Fung Y, Lam T, So T, Chan JSM , et al . Journal of Psychosocial Oncology.2020;38(4). CrossRef
  67. Integrative Methods for Management of Toxicities Associated with Radiation Treatment for Breast Cancer Reddy M, Koipallil G, Orman A. Toxicities of Radiation Treatment for Breast Cancer.2019. CrossRef
  68. Trajectories of inflammatory biomarkers: A culinary-based intervention for women with early stage breast cancer Ramirez M, Kristeller J, Houfek J, et al . Psycho-Oncology.2017.
  69. An anti-inflammatory dietary intervention to reduce recurrence risk in breast cancer survivor Ramirez M, Houfek J, Anderson A, et al . Psycho-Oncology.2016.
  70. Brief postsurgical stress management reduces inflammation in women undergoing surgery for breast cancer Ream MA , Sáez-Clarke E, Reamer L, et al . Brain Behav Immun Health.2022.
  71. A psychological nursing intervention for patients with early breast cancer based on resilience theory Li J, Xie L, Zhao X. Clin Nurs Res.2022.
  72. Clinical Efficacy of Bevacizumab Plus XELOX Chemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer and Application Value of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Intervention Sun L, Zhang X, Gong P, Zhang L, Zhao Y. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine.2022;28(6).
  73. Being Present: A single-arm feasibility study of audio-based mindfulness meditation for colorectal cancer patients and caregivers Atreya CE , Kubo A, Borno HT , Rosenthal B, Campanella M, Rettger JP , Joseph G, et aL . PloS One.2018;13(7). CrossRef
  74. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction as a Stress Management Intervention for Cancer Care: A Systematic Review Rush SE , Sharma M. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine.2017;22(2). CrossRef
  75. Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation Improve Nutritional Status and Inflammatory Response in Patients With Lung Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial Cheng M, Zhang S, Ning C, Huo Q. Frontiers in Nutrition.2021;8. CrossRef
  76. Effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on nutritional status and inflammatory response in patients with stage II-III NSCLC undergoing postoperative chemotherapy: a double-blind randomized controlled trial Gui L, Cheng M, Zheng M, Ning C, Huo Q. Frontiers in Nutrition.2023;10. CrossRef
  77. Omega-3 Fatty Acids Increase Weight and Quality of Life Scores in Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Cancer Cachexia: A Meta-Analysis Chua AV , Hernandez ARB , Mendoza MJL , San Juan MD . Integrative Cancer Therapies.2024;23. CrossRef
  78. The Impact of a Diet Rich in Omega-3 Fatty Acids on the Quality of Life of Patients with Squamous Cell Lung Cancer and Comorbid Depression: A Retrospective Study Zhang M, Liu C, Zhang X, Zhao L, Li Y, Su M. Actas Espanolas De Psiquiatria.2024;52(4). CrossRef
  79. The healing power of a whole foods, plant-based diet: A nutrition prescription for cancer Adelman M. 2017.
  80. The effect of the type of dietary protein on the development of ovarian cancer Taha AAA , Koshiyama M, Matsumura N, Abiko K, Yamaguchi K, Hamanishi J, Baba T, et al . Oncotarget.2018;9(35). CrossRef
  81. Association between diet quality and ovarian cancer risk and survival Cao A, Esserman DA , Cartmel B, Irwin ML , Ferrucci LM . Journal of the National Cancer Institute.2024;116(7). CrossRef
  82. Effect of a combination of extract from several plants on cell-mediated and humoral immunity of patients with advanced ovarian cancer Kormosh N., Laktionov K., Antoshechkina M.. Phytotherapy research: PTR.2006;20(5). CrossRef
  83. Carbohydrate consumption and fatigue: A review Pharr J. Internet J Allied Health Sci Pract.2010;7(6).
  84. Exploring the Effects of Qigong, Tai Chi, and Yoga on Fatigue, Mental Health, and Sleep Quality in Chronic Fatigue and Post-COVID Syndromes: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis Fricke-Comellas H, Heredia-Rizo AM , Casuso-Holgado MJ , Salas-González J, Fernández-Seguín LM . Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland).2024;12(20). CrossRef
  85. The Impact of Yoga on Fatigue in Cancer Survivorship: A Meta-Analysis Armer JS , Lutgendorf SK . JNCI cancer spectrum.2020;4(2). CrossRef
  86. Yoga reduces inflammatory signaling in fatigued breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial Bower JE , Greendale G, Crosswell AD , Garet D, Sternlieb B, Ganz PA , Irwin MR , et al . Psychoneuroendocrinology.2014;43. CrossRef
  87. Relaxation: its effect on the nutritional status and performance status of clients with cancer Campbell D. F., Dixon J. K., Sanderford L. D., Denicola M. A.. Journal of the American Dietetic Association.1984;84(2).
  88. The use of relaxation for the promotion of comfort and pain relief in persons with advanced cancer Sloman R., Brown P., Aldana E., Chee E.. Contemporary Nurse.1994;3(1). CrossRef
  89. Use of relaxation for pain relief in oncology Salvador M, Rodrigues CC , Carvalho E. Rev Rene.2012;9.
  90. Total relaxation: A Buddhist mindfulness-based intervention pilot studies in laypersons and cancer patients. Suwanvecho S, Suwanvecho B, Pongpirul K. Journal of Clinical Oncology.2018;36(34_suppl). CrossRef
  91. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation in Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review of Randomized Control Trials Petrou S, Mamais I, Lavranos G, P Tzanetakou I, Chrysostomou S. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research. Internationale Zeitschrift Fur Vitamin- Und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal International De Vitaminologie Et De Nutrition.2018;88(1-2). CrossRef
  92. Vitamin D and testosterone co-ordinately modulate intracellular zinc levels and energy metabolism in prostate cancer cells Zhang P, Schatz A, Adeyemi B, Kozminski D, Welsh J, Tenniswood M, Wang W. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.2019;189. CrossRef
  93. Vitamin D3 supplementation at 4000 international units per day for one year results in a decrease of positive cores at repeat biopsy in subjects with low-risk prostate cancer under active surveillance Marshall DT , Savage SJ , Garrett-Mayer E, Keane TE , Hollis BW , Horst RL , Ambrose LH , et al . The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism.2012;97(7). CrossRef
  94. Vitamin D3 supplementation, low-risk prostate cancer, and health disparities Hollis BW , Marshall DT , Savage SJ , Garrett-Mayer E, Kindy MS , Gattoni-Celli S. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.2013;136. CrossRef
  95. The clinical outcomes and expenses of comprehensive intervention in the patients with leukemia Xie J. 2009.
  96. The emerging role of exercise and health counseling in patients with acute leukemia undergoing chemotherapy during outpatient management Jarden M, Adamsen L, Kjeldsen L, Birgens H, Tolver A, Christensen JF , Stensen M, Sørensen V, Møller T. Leukemia Research.2013;37(2). CrossRef
  97. A short-term, comprehensive, yoga-based lifestyle intervention is efficacious in reducing anxiety, improving subjective well-being and personality Yadav RK , Magan D, Mehta M, Mehta N, Mahapatra SC . International Journal of Yoga.2012;5(2). CrossRef
  98. Failure of the Health Transformation Plan in Iran: How much has the Fee-for-Service payment system been to blame?. The 2022 System Dynamics Conference, Frankfurt, Germany. https://proceedings.systemdynamics.org/2022/abstracts/1339.html Moghadam Manesh M, Zhao W. 2022.
  99. Evaluation of the Effect of Chitosan and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Mixed with Orthodontic Primer on Shear Bond Strength: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Doroudgar P, Mousavi-fard B, Khadematolrasoul M, shams F, Khashabi E, Mirzae Gabaran Z. International Journal of Scientific Research in Dental and Medical Sciences.2024;6(4):184-191. CrossRef
  100. AI and Deep Learning in Understanding the Etiology and Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases Rigi A, Harati K, Abbaspour M, Fattahpour SF , Hosseini P, Moghadam Fard A, Hobbi M, et al . Kindle.;4(1):1-182. Retrieved from https://preferpub.org/index.php/kindle/article/view/Book46.
  101. Global Health Challenges Rahmani E, Farrokhi M, Nemati P, Riahi S, Esmaielzade Rostami M, Shemshadi Golafzani R, Gheibi F, et al . Kindle.;4(1):1-218. Retrieved from https://preferpub.org/index.php/kindle/article/view/Book47.

Content

Abstract Introduction Results Acknowledgments References

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Copyright

© Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Nursing , 2025

Author Details

Maryam Arabmoorchegani
Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universita Della Calabria, Rende, Italy.

Mahsa Abbasi
Department of Microbiology, ZA.C., Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.
mahya.Asadalizadeh77@gmail.com

Mahya Asadalizadeh
Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

Forough Motavaf
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

  • Abstract viewed - 0 times
  • PDF (FULL TEXT) downloaded - 0 times
  • XML downloaded - 0 times