Central Giant Cell Granuloma of the Mandible: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Abstract

Background: Central giant cell granuloma is a benign intraosseous cellular lesion, containing abundant fibroblasts and multinucleated giant cells. It has a destructive course. Central giant cell granuloma commonly affects mandible followed by maxilla. Most cases occur in the first 3 decades of life.

Case presentation: A 42-year-old woman presented to maxillofacial Department, Sohag University Hospital because of painless, slowly growing, cosmetically disfiguring mass lesion in the right side of the face. Radiological evaluation showed a multilocular osteolytic lesion occupying the right ramus of the mandible, no detected cortical bone destruction or tooth root resorption. The lesion was curetted and sent to Pathology Laboratory of Sohag University Hospital. Histopathological examination of the submitted specimen showed vascularized granulation tissue with prominent benign-featuring fibroblastic proliferation, abundant multinucleated giant cells and hemosiderin-laden macrophages.

Conclusion: Central giant cell granuloma is a benign intraosseous cellular lesion with a destructive course; it usually affects jaw bones, especially the mandible. Central giant cell granuloma should be suspected in any giant cell-rich jaw lesions.