Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Nursing

The Inauguration of Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Nursing

Ayda Fallah Asadi — 2019-07-20

On behalf of the Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention (APOCP) and its subsidiary (the West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention- WAOCP), it is a great honor to present the inaugural issue of Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Nursing (APJCN). APJCN is separated from the Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention and is determined to become a leading journal for scientists and researcher of the world. APJCN inherited its activity from the 19-year body of the successful publication of the Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (APJCP) and considers itself to be the APJCP sister publications.

Global Incidence and Mortality of Esophageal Cancer and Its Relationship with the Human Development Index (HDI); An Ecology Study

Zaher Khazaei — 2019-07-20

Background and objective: The esophageal cancer was considered as the eighth common type of cancer as well as the sixth cause of mortality across the world according to the report of International Agency of Research. The current study was aimed to evaluate the epidemiology, incidence, and mortality rates of esophageal cancer in Iran compared to other regions of the world.

Methods and materials: This study was an ecologic study in Asia for assessment of the correlation between age-specific incidence rate and age-specific mortality rate (ASMR) with HDI (life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling and gross national income (GNI) per capita) Data about SIR and SMR for every Asian country for the year 2012 were obtained from the global cancer project. The bivariate and regression tests were used to evaluate the correlation between the incidence and mortality with HDI. The statistical analysis was carried out by Stata-14 and the significance level was estimated at the level of 0.05.

Results: Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer worldwide, with an estimated 456,000 new cases in 2012 (3.2% of the total). A significantly negative correlation was found between the incidence and mortality rates with HDI and esophageal cancer (r= -0.158, P<0.05; r= -0.219, P<0.05). The linear regression indicated the decreased incidence and mortality rates by increasing HDI, MYS, and GNI. This amount was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). However, increased LBE would decrease the incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer (B= -0.11, and B= -0.12).

Conclusion: The incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer in the developing countries are higher than developed countries. A correlation was indicated between the incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer with HDI and life’s expectancy hindering the need for decreasing risk factors of esophageal cancer in the developing countries.

Epidemiology, Incidence and Mortality Rates of Esophageal Cancer in Iran Compared to other Regions of the World

Zaher Khazaei — 2019-07-20

Background and objective: The esophageal cancer was considered as the eighth common type of cancer as well as the sixth cause of mortality across the world according to the report of International Agency of Research. The current study was aimed to evaluate the epidemiology, incidence, and mortality rates of esophageal cancer in Iran compared to other regions of the world.

Methods and materials: In the current study, the incidence and mortality rates of all cancers were extracted on behalf of the Global Cancer Project in 2012.

Results: In 2012, some 456000 new cases (3.2% of the overall) of esophageal cancer as well as 400000 cases of cancer-related mortality were registered. The incidence rates in the male (323008 cases, 4.4 cases per 100000 people) were higher than that in females (132776 cases, 2 cases per 100000 people). The incidence rate of cancer in Iran was estimated as 6.3 cases per 100000 people highlighted as the two-folds of the universal incidence rate (6.3 cases compared to 3.2 cases per 100000 people). Also, the incidence rate of esophageal cancer in Iran was higher than other regions of the world. The global rate of esophageal cancer mortality was estimated as 400169 cases (5 cases per 100000 people). The mortality rate of esophageal cancer in Iran was indicated as 7.8 cases per 100000 people highlighting the more mortality rate of esophageal cancer in Iran compared to other regions of the world.

Conclusion: As for the higher incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer in Iran compared to other regions of the world, it is suggested to perform the studies so as to evaluate the related-risk factors in order to decline the incidence rate of the disease.

Relationship between Resiliency and Clinical Symptoms of Nurses in the Covid- 19 Pandemic

Aliakbar Sogandi — 2024-11-17

Background: Nursing is a highly stressful job with employees often facing elevated levels of physical and mental workload. The Covid-19 pandemic has further exacerbated the workload of nurses, causing various effects on their physical and mental health. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between clinical symptoms and nurses' resilience during the Covid-19 pandemic, especially focusing on nurses affiliated with Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences.

Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 169 nurses working in Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences were randomly selected to examine their resiliency and clinical symptoms. Standard questionnaires were used to collect data and descriptive and analytical statistics were performed using Spss V21at a significant level of 0.05.

Results: The results revealed that among the participants, 14.78% were stressed, 21.29% experienced anxiety and 17.15% showed some degree of depression. The resilience score was determined as 58.13±14.82. A significant negative correlation was observed between resilience and clinical symptoms (stress, anxiety and depression). There was a significant positive correlation between years of service and nurses’ resilience. Stress exhibited a significant correlation with anxiety and depression.

Conclusions: If stress, anxiety and depression in nurses are not effectively managed, it can lead to job burnout. In order to prevent such situations, nursing managers and planners should try to increase nurses' resilience by providing necessary training and psychological support.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Nurses’ Perceptions of the Healthcare Work Environment

Aladeen Alloubani — 2025-02-05

Introduction: Healthcare workers, including nurses, play a crucial role in responding to the pandemic and are on the frontline of exposure to infection. Historically, professional nurses bring compassionate, competent care to the pandemic response but are challenged to provide care when their work puts them at increased risk. Aim: The current study assessed the nurses’ work environment during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A quantitative design was utilized. A sample of 144 nurses from a specialized cancer center and a university hospital in Jordan was recruited. The American Association of Critical-Care Nurses’ Healthy Work Environment Assessment (HWE) Tool was used in this study.

Results: Sixty-six percent of the participants worked in the cancer center, and 63.9% worked in inpatient units. Most participants (76.4%) did not attend infection control courses. Nurses scored effective decision-making as the highest standard (mean = 2.48, SD = 0.9) across all HWE subscales. Nurses working in the cancer center ranked their work environment in all HWE subscales higher than the work environment in the teaching hospital.

Conclusion: The results of this study were utilized to identify areas for improvement regarding the nurses’ work environment during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Knowledge and Attitudes of Paramedical Staff of the Sylvanus Olympio Hospital of Lome in Togo on Screening for Precancerous Lesions of the Cervix in 2023

Ameyo Ayoko Ketevi — 2025-02-18

Introduction: In Togo, the specific mortality due to cervical cancer is considerable. As the paramedical staff most often represents the first contact health personnel, the general objective of our study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes of the paramedical staff of the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital (CHU SO) on the means of screening for cervical cancer.

Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that took place from June 27 to July 27, 2023, among the paramedical staff of CHU SO. Data was saved in an Excel database. The statistical analysis was carried out using the open source software R. Based on the model of Essi et al., the assessment of the level of knowledge was quantified.

Results: All 306 respondents once heard about cervical cancer. In 69.9% of the cases, it was during their training. The HPV was cited as a risk factor in 80.4% of cases. They were aware of screening as a means of prevention in 96.7% of cases. This screening should be annual according to 45.5%. Fifty percent (50%) had judged the screening poorly conducted in Togo. This screening should be done by cervical smear test (92.9%), or by the IVA/IVL technique (10.4%). Overall, 56.2% of paramedical staff had a «wrong» attitude and 1.6% a «right» one.

Conclusion: At the end of our study, we notice an insufficiency in terms of knowledge and attitudes. Few participants were aware of the HPV test as a means of screening for cervical cancer. Strategies for improving skills are required. Hence there is a need for a continuous training for the paramedical staff in terms of cervical cancer and the establishment of efficient national programmes to prevent this cancer.

Clinical, Morphological, and Immunophenotypic Insights into Pediatric Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia: A Multifaceted Approach

Omer Javed — 2025-05-04

Background: Despite described in literature for decades, many aspects of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) particularly immunophenotypic spectrum remain unclear. Our study of a total of 25 pediatric AMKL cases, present detailed characteristics of AMKL patients, including immunophenotype, morphology and flow cytometric (FCM) properties.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of a total 25 AMKL cases, diagnosed on flow cytometry, performed either on nlood or bone marrow aspirate. Patients were categorized into either DS or non-DS AMKL cases. Their demographics, clinical history, morphological and cytogenetic findings were retrieved from online hospital information portal. Immunophenotypic expression of CD markers and flow cytometric properties were analyzed and recorded.

Results: The study found that 24% of patients were DS-AMKL, while 76% were non-DS-AMKL. The median WBC count was higher in DS-AMKL patients, and blasts were more likely to express CD7, CD36, CD11b, CD13, and CD33. FCM properties showed a median w/h ratio of 1.45 in DS-AMKL patients and 1.20 in non-DS-AMKL patients.

Conclusion: The present findings are a good cohort of pediatric AMKL cases, with in-depth analysis of flow cytometric properties and immunophenotype. No statistical significance was found in the studied categories between DS-AMKL and Non DS-AMKL, which may be due to the fact that DS-AMKL comprised a small subset of the total cases and/or overall, both subtypes share common pathogenetic pathways.

Diagnostic Lymphocytosis as a Favorable Prognostic Factor in Childhood Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia

Bambang Ardianto — 2025-05-04

Objective: Childhood acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) has been associated with an unfavorable prognosis, particularly in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). The limited resources for cytogenetic-based risk stratification in many LMICs constitute the contributing factors. To improve the outcomes of childhood AML, a better understanding of its pathogenesis, which further leads to the development of applicable risk stratification criteria, is required. Studies on adult AML linked lymphocytosis due to increased regulatory T-cells (Tregs) in the bone marrow stroma with a higher risk of remission failure and an early relapse. Since Treg population is influenced by age-dependent bacterial colonization, conducting a study on children with AML is reasonable.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study involved 60 patients younger than 18 years with non-M3 AML, 25 of whom had diagnostic absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC₀) of less than 4.7 x 10⁹ cells/L and 35 of whom had ALC₀ of more than 4.7 x 10⁹ cells/L. These patients were observed for the occurrence of events, which consisted of remission failure, relapse, and death, within five years of treatment.

Results: Patients with ALC₀ of more than 4.7 x 10⁹ cells/L had the higher five-year event-free (EFS, 24% vs. 0%; p = 0.01) and overall survivals (OS, 31% vs. 10%; p = 0.02). Cox regression analysis demonstrated that ALC₀ of less than 4.7 x 10⁹ cells/L was an independent prognostic factor for the lower five-year EFS (hazard ratio [HR], 3.5; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.7 – 7.5; p < 0.01) and OS (HR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1 – 4.0; p = 0.03).

Conclusion: In contrast to studies in adults, our study showed a correlation between diagnostic lymphocytosis and higher five-year EFS and OS.

Oral Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors: A Systematic Review of the Case Reports

Khadijeh Abdal — 2019-07-20

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) originated from cells of the peripheral nerve sheath. These tumors account for 5% of all soft tissue sarcomas. MPNST are extemely rare in the oral and maxillofacial region. Oral Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (OMPNST) arise denovo or from neurofibromatosis type I. d. OMPNST usually presents with a progressive swelling which may be painful.The mean age in patients is about 40 to 46 years. The most common sites OMPNST is the mandible, lips, and buccal mucosa. Radiographic examination of intraosseous tumors reveal irregular destruction of the surrounding bone. Definitive diagnosis of OMPNST is confirmed on the basis of findings histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. The prognosis OMPNSTS is poor and to treat by radical surgical excision, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. This systematic review aimed to determine the most significant influential factors in OMPNSTS and evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic methods in this regard.

Is Helicobacter pylori a Potential Risk Factor for Lung Cancer?

Chengfeng Fu — 2025-02-05

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacterium known primarily for its role in gastric diseases, including gastric cancer. However, emerging evidence links H. pylori infection to extragastric malignancies, particularly lung cancer. This review examines H. pylori’s biological characteristics, pathogenic mechanisms, and potential association with lung cancer development. It addresses H. pylori’s direct infection pathways, such as aspiration and microbiome transfer, and explores its impact on the immune system via inflammatory responses and molecular mimicry. Epidemiological data demonstrate inconsistent associations between H. pylori infection and lung cancer risk, though some studies suggest H. pylori-derived proteins, like CagA and VacA, might enhance carcinogenicity in lung tissues. Mechanistically, H. pylori-induced upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) may contribute to lung carcinogenesis. Understanding these links could inform future therapeutic and preventive strategies for lung cancer in H. pylori-infected individuals. Further research is essential to clarify these associations and underlying mechanisms.

Future Directions in Oncology Research: Addressing Resistance and Improving Patient Outcomes

Yasamin Mohammadi — 2025-03-08

Background: Advances in oncology have substantially influenced the management strategies in cancer treatment, necessitating a comprehensive evaluation of contemporary practices alongside emerging technological breakthroughs. This review aims to encapsulate these advancements, with a focus on the integration of medical, and radiation oncology for a multidisciplinary treatment approach.

Methods: Through systematic exploration of recent literature, this article examines pivotal developments in cancer management. Particular attention is given to the evolution and impact of targeted therapies and immunotherapies which have shifted traditional treatment paradigms and significantly improved patient outcomes. The review also delves into the burgeoning field of precision medicine and genomics, showcasing their role in tailoring personalized cancer therapies.

Results: Our findings reveal that while the aforementioned innovations have led to more precise and effective treatment strategies, they also present substantial challenges, including resistance to therapies, issues with healthcare access, and the economic burden of new technologies. These aspects are critically analyzed to portray a realistic view of the advancements and hurdles within the current oncologic landscape.

Conclusion: Looking forward, the article identifies key areas for future research that promise to further enhance the efficacy and accessibility of cancer treatments. By providing a detailed insight into the dynamic field of cancer treatment management, this review serves as a valuable resource for oncologists, researchers, and healthcare professionals, promoting informed decision-making and fostering innovation in the ongoing battle against cancer.

Optimal Pharmaceutical Management Strategies in Cancer Treatment: Novel Approaches

Farhad Alishahi — 2025-03-08

Overview: Cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with effective pharmacotherapy essential for improving patient outcomes. This review explores novel strategies in pharmaceutical management, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and personalized approaches, aimed at optimizing cancer treatment and tailoring therapies based on patient profiles.

Methods: A literature review was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, focusing on studies from the past decade. The review includes clinical trials, meta-analyses, and studies on the mechanisms, effectiveness, and safety of cancer treatments, with a focus on emerging pharmacological approaches, drug resistance, and personalized medicine.

Results: Chemotherapy remains the standard treatment, but drug resistance and side effects limit its effectiveness. Novel therapies, such as targeted therapies and immunotherapies, offer more specificity and reduced toxicity. Personalized medicine, based on genetic profiling, is evolving to tailor treatments to individual patients. Despite these advances, challenges like resistance and side effects remain.

Conclusion: Pharmacological management of cancer has evolved significantly, with targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and precision medicine offering new treatment options. A personalized, multifaceted approach is crucial for optimizing outcomes. Future research should focus on overcoming resistance and optimizing combination therapies to further improve cancer treatment.

Survivin Inhibitors as a Target Therapy for Leukemia

Elham Ghorbani Aliabadi — 2025-05-04

Leukemia is a type of cancer characterized by the accumulation of leukemic cells in the patient’s peripheral blood. Traditional therapies often fail to completely eliminate these cancer cells, especially in refractory leukemia. One major reason for this failure is apoptosis dysfunction, with anti-apoptotic proteins playing crucial roles in cancer cell survival. Among these proteins, the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), particularly survivin, are highly overexpressed in most cancers, including leukemia, and contribute to chemotherapy resistance. Survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis, is typically expressed during embryonic development and in tumor cells but not in normal adult tissues. It suppresses apoptosis, thereby promoting disease progression and resistance to chemotherapy. In leukemia, survivin expression is associated with poor prognostic outcomes in both acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The dysregulation of apoptosis in leukemic cells is often linked to increased survivin expression, making it a promising therapeutic target. This review explores the diverse roles of survivin in mediating apoptosis, cell division, and chemoresistance in leukemia. It also discusses several survivin-targeting strategies, including ribozymes, immunotherapy, and gene therapy. Preclinical and clinical studies involving survivin inhibitors are currently underway and show promise in increasing the sensitivity of leukemic cells to standard chemotherapy treatments. These therapies, by disrupting survivin’s protective mechanisms, may lead to better treatment outcomes for leukemia patients. Understanding the complex relationship between survivin and apoptotic pathways will provide valuable insights for developing innovative therapeutic strategies against these challenging hematologic malignancies.

Integrative Cancer Care: Leveraging Nutrition and Positive Psychology for Optimal Outcomes

Maryam Arabmoorchegani — 2025-05-04

Overview: This review article examines novel approaches in cancer management, emphasizing the roles of healthy nutrition and positive psychology. In recent years, numerous studies have evaluated the effects of diets rich in antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and fiber, as well as psychological interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness practices, on improving both the physical and mental well-being of cancer patients.

Methods: Relevant studies were retrieved from international databases using keywords including “cancer,” “healthy nutrition,” “positive psychology,” “complementary treatment,” and “immune system.” Inclusion criteria comprised clinical articles, meta-analyses, and observational studies focusing on the impact of nutritional and psychological interventions on treatment outcomes in cancer patients. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using internationally recognized standards.

Results: The findings indicate that nutritional interventions can enhance cellular metabolism, reduce inflammation, and strengthen the immune system, which may contribute to slowing tumor growth. Additionally, psychological interventions have been shown to reduce anxiety and depression, improve emotional coping, and enhance the overall quality of life in patients. Notably, integrated approaches that combine nutritional and psychological strategies addressing both physical and mental health concurrently have yielded particularly promising results. However, some studies have reported limitations, such as small sample sizes and high variability in patient populations.

Conclusion: Integrating healthy nutritional strategies with psychological interventions as complementary therapies shows considerable potential for improving clinical outcomes and the quality of life in cancer patients. Future research employing more rigorous clinical designs and larger sample sizes is needed to clarify the precise role of these approaches within comprehensive cancer treatment protocols.