Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Nursing

The Inauguration of Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Nursing

Ayda Fallah Asadi, Alireza Mosavi Jarrahi, Saeed Yari (Author) — Sat, 20 Jul 2019 00:00:00 +0000

On behalf of the Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention (APOCP) and its subsidiary (the West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention- WAOCP), it is a great honor to present the inaugural issue of Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Nursing (APJCN). APJCN is separated from the Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention and is determined to become a leading journal for scientists and researcher of the world. APJCN inherited its activity from the 19-year body of the successful publication of the Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (APJCP) and considers itself to be the APJCP sister publications.

Immunotherapy as a Promising Strategy for High-Grade Meningiomas: Current Insights and Future Directions

Raudatul Janah, Istikomah Noor, Mukhlisoh Noor (Author) — Wed, 06 Aug 2025 08:47:33 +0000

The Hidden Dangers of Chloramphenicol: Balancing Affordability with Patient Safety

Raja Muhammad umer Panhwar, Fiza Panhwar (Author) — Wed, 06 Aug 2025 08:50:05 +0000

Global Incidence and Mortality of Esophageal Cancer and Its Relationship with the Human Development Index (HDI); An Ecology Study

Sat, 20 Jul 2019 00:00:00 +0000

Background and objective: The esophageal cancer was considered as the eighth common type of cancer as well as the sixth cause of mortality across the world according to the report of International Agency of Research. The current study was aimed to evaluate the epidemiology, incidence, and mortality rates of esophageal cancer in Iran compared to other regions of the world.

Methods and materials: This study was an ecologic study in Asia for assessment of the correlation between age-specific incidence rate and age-specific mortality rate (ASMR) with HDI (life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling and gross national income (GNI) per capita) Data about SIR and SMR for every Asian country for the year 2012 were obtained from the global cancer project. The bivariate and regression tests were used to evaluate the correlation between the incidence and mortality with HDI. The statistical analysis was carried out by Stata-14 and the significance level was estimated at the level of 0.05.

Results: Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer worldwide, with an estimated 456,000 new cases in 2012 (3.2% of the total). A significantly negative correlation was found between the incidence and mortality rates with HDI and esophageal cancer (r= -0.158, P<0.05; r= -0.219, P<0.05). The linear regression indicated the decreased incidence and mortality rates by increasing HDI, MYS, and GNI. This amount was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). However, increased LBE would decrease the incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer (B= -0.11, and B= -0.12).

Conclusion: The incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer in the developing countries are higher than developed countries. A correlation was indicated between the incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer with HDI and life’s expectancy hindering the need for decreasing risk factors of esophageal cancer in the developing countries.

Epidemiology, Incidence and Mortality Rates of Esophageal Cancer in Iran Compared to other Regions of the World

Sat, 20 Jul 2019 00:00:00 +0000

Background and objective: The esophageal cancer was considered as the eighth common type of cancer as well as the sixth cause of mortality across the world according to the report of International Agency of Research. The current study was aimed to evaluate the epidemiology, incidence, and mortality rates of esophageal cancer in Iran compared to other regions of the world.

Methods and materials: In the current study, the incidence and mortality rates of all cancers were extracted on behalf of the Global Cancer Project in 2012.

Results: In 2012, some 456000 new cases (3.2% of the overall) of esophageal cancer as well as 400000 cases of cancer-related mortality were registered. The incidence rates in the male (323008 cases, 4.4 cases per 100000 people) were higher than that in females (132776 cases, 2 cases per 100000 people). The incidence rate of cancer in Iran was estimated as 6.3 cases per 100000 people highlighted as the two-folds of the universal incidence rate (6.3 cases compared to 3.2 cases per 100000 people). Also, the incidence rate of esophageal cancer in Iran was higher than other regions of the world. The global rate of esophageal cancer mortality was estimated as 400169 cases (5 cases per 100000 people). The mortality rate of esophageal cancer in Iran was indicated as 7.8 cases per 100000 people highlighting the more mortality rate of esophageal cancer in Iran compared to other regions of the world.

Conclusion: As for the higher incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer in Iran compared to other regions of the world, it is suggested to perform the studies so as to evaluate the related-risk factors in order to decline the incidence rate of the disease.

Relationship between Resiliency and Clinical Symptoms of Nurses in the Covid- 19 Pandemic

Aliakbar Sogandi, Hassan Toozandehjani, Hasan Ghodsi (Author) — Sun, 17 Nov 2024 05:22:41 +0000

Background: Nursing is a highly stressful job with employees often facing elevated levels of physical and mental workload. The Covid-19 pandemic has further exacerbated the workload of nurses, causing various effects on their physical and mental health. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between clinical symptoms and nurses' resilience during the Covid-19 pandemic, especially focusing on nurses affiliated with Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences.

Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 169 nurses working in Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences were randomly selected to examine their resiliency and clinical symptoms. Standard questionnaires were used to collect data and descriptive and analytical statistics were performed using Spss V21at a significant level of 0.05.

Results: The results revealed that among the participants, 14.78% were stressed, 21.29% experienced anxiety and 17.15% showed some degree of depression. The resilience score was determined as 58.13±14.82. A significant negative correlation was observed between resilience and clinical symptoms (stress, anxiety and depression). There was a significant positive correlation between years of service and nurses’ resilience. Stress exhibited a significant correlation with anxiety and depression.

Conclusions: If stress, anxiety and depression in nurses are not effectively managed, it can lead to job burnout. In order to prevent such situations, nursing managers and planners should try to increase nurses' resilience by providing necessary training and psychological support.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Nurses’ Perceptions of the Healthcare Work Environment

Aladeen Alloubani, Majeda A. Al Ruzzieh, Laila Akhu-Zaheya (Author) — Wed, 05 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Healthcare workers, including nurses, play a crucial role in responding to the pandemic and are on the frontline of exposure to infection. Historically, professional nurses bring compassionate, competent care to the pandemic response but are challenged to provide care when their work puts them at increased risk. Aim: The current study assessed the nurses’ work environment during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A quantitative design was utilized. A sample of 144 nurses from a specialized cancer center and a university hospital in Jordan was recruited. The American Association of Critical-Care Nurses’ Healthy Work Environment Assessment (HWE) Tool was used in this study.

Results: Sixty-six percent of the participants worked in the cancer center, and 63.9% worked in inpatient units. Most participants (76.4%) did not attend infection control courses. Nurses scored effective decision-making as the highest standard (mean = 2.48, SD = 0.9) across all HWE subscales. Nurses working in the cancer center ranked their work environment in all HWE subscales higher than the work environment in the teaching hospital.

Conclusion: The results of this study were utilized to identify areas for improvement regarding the nurses’ work environment during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Knowledge and Attitudes of Paramedical Staff of the Sylvanus Olympio Hospital of Lome in Togo on Screening for Precancerous Lesions of the Cervix in 2023

Tue, 18 Feb 2025 05:24:10 +0000

Introduction: In Togo, the specific mortality due to cervical cancer is considerable. As the paramedical staff most often represents the first contact health personnel, the general objective of our study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes of the paramedical staff of the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital (CHU SO) on the means of screening for cervical cancer.

Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that took place from June 27 to July 27, 2023, among the paramedical staff of CHU SO. Data was saved in an Excel database. The statistical analysis was carried out using the open source software R. Based on the model of Essi et al., the assessment of the level of knowledge was quantified.

Results: All 306 respondents once heard about cervical cancer. In 69.9% of the cases, it was during their training. The HPV was cited as a risk factor in 80.4% of cases. They were aware of screening as a means of prevention in 96.7% of cases. This screening should be annual according to 45.5%. Fifty percent (50%) had judged the screening poorly conducted in Togo. This screening should be done by cervical smear test (92.9%), or by the IVA/IVL technique (10.4%). Overall, 56.2% of paramedical staff had a «wrong» attitude and 1.6% a «right» one.

Conclusion: At the end of our study, we notice an insufficiency in terms of knowledge and attitudes. Few participants were aware of the HPV test as a means of screening for cervical cancer. Strategies for improving skills are required. Hence there is a need for a continuous training for the paramedical staff in terms of cervical cancer and the establishment of efficient national programmes to prevent this cancer.

Clinical, Morphological, and Immunophenotypic Insights into Pediatric Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia: A Multifaceted Approach

Omer Javed, Anila Aali, Taha Shaikh, Hamza Khan, Neelum Mansoor (Author) — Sun, 04 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Despite described in literature for decades, many aspects of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) particularly immunophenotypic spectrum remain unclear. Our study of a total of 25 pediatric AMKL cases, present detailed characteristics of AMKL patients, including immunophenotype, morphology and flow cytometric (FCM) properties.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of a total 25 AMKL cases, diagnosed on flow cytometry, performed either on nlood or bone marrow aspirate. Patients were categorized into either DS or non-DS AMKL cases. Their demographics, clinical history, morphological and cytogenetic findings were retrieved from online hospital information portal. Immunophenotypic expression of CD markers and flow cytometric properties were analyzed and recorded.

Results: The study found that 24% of patients were DS-AMKL, while 76% were non-DS-AMKL. The median WBC count was higher in DS-AMKL patients, and blasts were more likely to express CD7, CD36, CD11b, CD13, and CD33. FCM properties showed a median w/h ratio of 1.45 in DS-AMKL patients and 1.20 in non-DS-AMKL patients.

Conclusion: The present findings are a good cohort of pediatric AMKL cases, with in-depth analysis of flow cytometric properties and immunophenotype. No statistical significance was found in the studied categories between DS-AMKL and Non DS-AMKL, which may be due to the fact that DS-AMKL comprised a small subset of the total cases and/or overall, both subtypes share common pathogenetic pathways.

Diagnostic Lymphocytosis as a Favorable Prognostic Factor in Childhood Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia

Sun, 04 May 2025 05:09:56 +0000

Objective: Childhood acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) has been associated with an unfavorable prognosis, particularly in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). The limited resources for cytogenetic-based risk stratification in many LMICs constitute the contributing factors. To improve the outcomes of childhood AML, a better understanding of its pathogenesis, which further leads to the development of applicable risk stratification criteria, is required. Studies on adult AML linked lymphocytosis due to increased regulatory T-cells (Tregs) in the bone marrow stroma with a higher risk of remission failure and an early relapse. Since Treg population is influenced by age-dependent bacterial colonization, conducting a study on children with AML is reasonable.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study involved 60 patients younger than 18 years with non-M3 AML, 25 of whom had diagnostic absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC₀) of less than 4.7 x 10⁹ cells/L and 35 of whom had ALC₀ of more than 4.7 x 10⁹ cells/L. These patients were observed for the occurrence of events, which consisted of remission failure, relapse, and death, within five years of treatment.

Results: Patients with ALC₀ of more than 4.7 x 10⁹ cells/L had the higher five-year event-free (EFS, 24% vs. 0%; p = 0.01) and overall survivals (OS, 31% vs. 10%; p = 0.02). Cox regression analysis demonstrated that ALC₀ of less than 4.7 x 10⁹ cells/L was an independent prognostic factor for the lower five-year EFS (hazard ratio [HR], 3.5; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.7 – 7.5; p < 0.01) and OS (HR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1 – 4.0; p = 0.03).

Conclusion: In contrast to studies in adults, our study showed a correlation between diagnostic lymphocytosis and higher five-year EFS and OS.

A Comprehensive 360˚ Philanthropic Support Model: Holistic and Sustainable Approaches to Childhood Cancers (0–19 years) in a Tertiary Cancer Hospital in India

Tue, 20 May 2025 07:04:02 +0000

Background: In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), childhood cancer care is often compromised by financial and logistical barriers, with many families unable to afford life-saving treatment. At Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre (RGCIRC), New Delhi, we envisioned a solution: a 360˚ philanthropic support model that ensures no child is denied treatment due to lack of funds.

Objective: This study aims to describe the structure and impact of the comprehensive philanthropic care model at RGCIRC and to evaluate financial support provided to pediatric cancer patients between 2021 and 2023.

Methods: Data were retrospectively analyzed from hospital records for all pediatric oncology cases treated from 2021 to 2023. Financial support was tracked across sources government schemes, private insurance, NGO funding, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) contributions. Additional support services such as accommodation, education during treatment, and long-term follow-up were assessed through hospital departments.

Results: Out of 1,098 pediatric patients, 997 (90.84%) received financial aid. Annual financial support rose from INR 4.38 crores in 2021 to INR 7.8 crores in 2023, with philanthropic contributions increasing from 71.6% to 78.7%. Beyond monetary aid, children received emotional and academic support, stay facilities at the hospital’s “Grace” home, and long-term survivorship care through dedicated ACT (After Completion Therapy) clinics forming a robust safety net around each child.

Conclusion: RGCIRC’s 360˚ philanthropic model redefines pediatric cancer care in LMICs by combining financial, emotional, educational, and post-treatment support. Its success underscores the power of multi-sector partnerships and offers a replicable blueprint for other institutions seeking to bridge care gaps and improve survival and quality of life for children battling cancer.

Prevalence and Type Distribution of Human Papillomavirus in Invasive Cervical Cancer in Aba, South-East Nigeria: A Sentinel Study to Encourage and Guide HPV Vaccination

Tue, 20 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Despite the established link between human papillomavirus (HPV) and the pathogenesis of invasive cervical cancer and its precursor lesions, HPV vaccine acceptance faces cultural and religious biases in this region. There is no available local epidemiological study to support the current advocacy of HPV vaccination for the primary prevention of cervical cancer in this region. In this cross-sectional epidemiological study, we determined the prevalence and types of HPV in invasive cervical cancer so as to encourage and guide HPV vaccination for the primary prevention of cervical cancer in this south-east region of Nigeria.

Methology: Two-hundred archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks with confirmed diagnoses of invasive cervical cancer during the study period (2015-2024) were retrieved and examined. DNA was extracted by proteinase k lysis procedure while HPV DNA amplification, detection and typing was done using E7 type-specific multiplex genotyping (E7-MPG), which combines multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and hybridization to type-specific oligonucleotide probes on fluorescent beads.

Result: Fourteen blocks were excluded from the analysis for inadequacy. A total of 79% (147/186) invasive cervical cancers were positive for single or multiple high-risk HPV types. HPV 16 was the predominant high risk HPV-type, being present in 87.3% of the cases in single and multiple infections. The five most common high risk HPV types seen in single infections are HPV 16 (31.3%), HPV 18 (19.7%), HPV 35 (5.4%), HPV 31 (1.4%) and HPV 52 (1.4 %).

Conclusion: There is high prevalence of HPV-DNA in invasive cervical cancers in this region, with HPV 16, HPV 18, HPV 35, HPV 31, and HPV 52 being the predominant types. HPV vaccination and testing will greatly reduce the burden of cervical cancer in this geographical region.

Determine the Diagnostic Yield of Ultrasound Guided Biopsy of Prostatic Lesions, Keeping Histopathology as Reference Standard, at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Fatima Wazir Ali, Waseem Mirza, Ayesha Hassan (Author) — Tue, 20 May 2025 07:10:06 +0000

Objective: To determine the diagnostic yield of ultrasound guided biopsy of prostatic lesions, keeping histopathology as reference standard at a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: All male patients above 55 years who were referred to the Radiology department of Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi with ultrasound/MRI finding of prostate malignancy constituted the population. After taking informed written consent and history all patients underwent transrectal ultrasound. Prostate was visualized using a transrectal biplanar ultrasound probe. Subsequently, 12 core biopsies were performed by an interventional radiologist with minimum 5 years of experience and diagnostic yield of ultrasound guided biopsy of prostatic lesions was checked keeping histopathology as reference standard.

Result: Total of 116 patients with ultrasound/ MRI finding of prostatic malignancy who underwent ultrasound guided prostatic biopsy constituted the population. The mean age was 67.732+7.907 years. The diagnostic yield of ultrasound guided biopsy of prostatic lesions was 70.7%, keeping histopathology as reference standard.

Conclusion: The diagnostic yield of ultrasound guided biopsy of prostatic lesions was significantly high, keeping histopathology as reference standard. The diagnostic yield increases with the increase in age and BMI.

Role of Hospice Care Centre in a Resource Constraint Area for the Care of Terminally Ill Cancer Patients

Wed, 06 Aug 2025 08:02:15 +0000

Context: Cancer patients in advanced stages often face severe physical, psychological, and spiritual challenges, impacting their quality of life (QOL) significantly. Ganga Prem Hospice (GPH) in Uttarakhand, India, provides specialized palliative care aimed at improving end-of-life experiences for terminally ill cancer patients.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of hospice-based palliative care on pain relief, symptom management, and QOL for terminal cancer patients.

Methods: This prospective study included 99 terminally ill cancer patients admitted to GPH from January 2022 to January 2023. Patient data collected included demographics, cancer stage, pain levels, symptom relief, QOL assessments, and place of death. Pain and symptom relief were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), while QOL was categorized as “good” or “poor.” Descriptive statistics and comparative analysis were used to measure changes pre- and post-admission.

Results: The median age of patients was 49 years, with 58.6% male and 41.4% female representation. Advanced cancer stages (96.96% at Stage IV) were prevalent, with head and neck (34.34%), gastrointestinal (24.24%), and gynecological cancers (21.21%) as the most common types. Post-admission, patients reporting no pain increased from 4% to 23%, while 86% experienced symptom relief compared to 10% at admission. QOL improved markedly, with 86% of patients reporting good QOL after admission, up from 22% initially. The majority (72.6%) chose to remain at GPH for end-of-life care.

Conclusion: Palliative care at GPH significantly improved pain relief, symptom control, and QOL for terminally ill cancer patients, highlighting the essential role of hospice settings in end-of-life care, especially in resource-limited regions. These findings advocate for expanded hospice services to support both patients and families in terminal care.

Knowledge, Attitude and Awareness of HPV Vaccination among College-Going Girls (18–26 years) in Delhi NCR

Wed, 06 Aug 2025 08:16:15 +0000

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and awareness (KAA) regarding HPV vaccination among college-going girls aged 18–26 years in Delhi-NCR, focusing on identifying barriers to vaccine uptake and factors influencing vaccination status.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between July 2024 and January 2025, involving 506 college students from various institutions in Delhi-NCR. Data were collected using an online structured questionnaire addressing demographics, knowledge of cervical cancer and HPV, awareness of the HPV vaccine, and attitudes toward vaccination. The responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-squared tests to assess associations between awareness and vaccination status.

Results: Among the respondents, 80.2% correctly identified cervical cancer as a malignancy of the cervix, but 20% mistakenly associated it with other cancers like neck or bone cancer. Only 58.3% accurately recognized HPV as a virus linked to cancer, while a significant proportion confused HPV with HIV/AIDS (37.2%) or considered it a bacterial infection (16.6%). Despite 51% of participants being aware of the HPV vaccine, only 11.9% reported receiving it. Social media emerged as the most common information source (98%). Financial constraints (48%) were identified as the most significant barrier to vaccination, followed by a lack of awareness (40%) and safety concerns (12%). Social stigma also played a role, with many respondents finding it difficult to discuss HPV vaccination with their families.

Conclusion: The findings reveal substantial knowledge gaps and socio-cultural barriers to HPV vaccination among college-going girls in Delhi-NCR. While awareness of cervical cancer was moderate, misconceptions regarding HPV and its vaccine persist. To increase vaccination coverage, it is crucial to implement educational campaigns targeting young women, address misinformation on social media, and advocate for the inclusion of the HPV vaccine in the National Immunization Programme. Reducing financial barriers through policy interventions could further enhance vaccine uptake.

Battling Esophageal Cancer in The Elderly: A Retrospecive Audit from a Tertiary Cancer Cente in South India

Wed, 06 Aug 2025 08:21:31 +0000

Introduction: Esophageal cancer (EC) is a leading malignancy in elderly patients, often diagnosed at an advanced stage due to late presentation. Treatment strategies, including surgery, chemoradiotherapy (CRT), and radiotherapy (RT), must be tailored to this population considering comorbidities and treatment tolerability. This study aims to evaluate treatment outcomes in elderly EC patients and compare findings with global literature.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 27 elderly patients diagnosed with EC. Data on patient demographics, tumor histology, treatment modalities, survival duration, and complications were collected from institutional medical records. Statistical analysis included Kaplan-Meier survival estimation and log-rank tests for survival comparison. Findings were compared with existing literature to assess treatment effectiveness and patient outcomes.

Results: The mean patient age was 74 years (range: 70-83), with a predominance of male patients (70%). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most common histological type (59%). Curative treatment was administered in 59% of patients, while 41% received palliative care. Definitive RT was the most frequently used treatment modality (55%), followed by CRT (30%) and surgery (15%). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a median survival of 14 months, with significantly improved survival in curative treatment groups compared to palliative care (p<0.05, log-rank test).

Conclusion: Elderly EC patients present unique challenges requiring individualized treatment approaches. This study reinforces the role of definitive CRT as a viable treatment modality, though personalized treatment selection remains essential. Future research should focus on optimizing therapeutic strategies through predictive biomarkers and individualized patient assessments.

Mutation in Exon 7 of BRCA1 Gene in Bangladeshi Women with Triple Negative Breast Cancer

Wed, 06 Aug 2025 08:25:36 +0000

Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an invasive subtype of breast cancer associated with various risk factors. It has poor prognosis due to lack of targeted therapies. About 60-80% of patients carrying BRCA1 gene mutations have TNBC phenotype and the frequency of BRCA1 mutation is 10-15% in TNBC. In Bangladesh, very few studies are conducted regarding this occurrence and it needs further evaluation. Our research aim is to identify the mutation in exon7 of BRCA1 gene in Bangladeshi women with TNBC.

Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka in collaboration with Institution for Population and Precision Health, The University of Chicago, USA from January 2022 to December 2022. Total thirty-four (34) Bangladeshi female TNBC patients were selected. Two ml venous blood was collected from arm vein, kept in Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) containing tubes, preserved at -20 degree C and sample was sent to the University of Chicago on Dry ice. DNA library was prepared by using Twist Library Preparation EF Kit 2.0. For mutation detection, Next-generation sequencing method was used.

Result: The mean ± SD age of patients was 43.71±9.84 years and BMI was 23.95±3.38. About 52.9% of female had history of taking contraceptive methods and 70.6% patients were multiparous, remaining 14.7% were nulliparous and 14.7% were primiparous. 5.9% patients had positive family history and No mutation was found in exon 7 of BRCA1 gene. The frequency of mutation was 0.0%, as this study population was relatively small.

Conclusions: This result suggests that Bangladeshi women suffering from TNBC have no mutation in exon 7 of BRCA1 gene. A large-scale investigation is needed to establish these findings.

Oral Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors: A Systematic Review of the Case Reports

Sat, 20 Jul 2019 00:00:00 +0000

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) originated from cells of the peripheral nerve sheath. These tumors account for 5% of all soft tissue sarcomas. MPNST are extemely rare in the oral and maxillofacial region. Oral Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (OMPNST) arise denovo or from neurofibromatosis type I. d. OMPNST usually presents with a progressive swelling which may be painful.The mean age in patients is about 40 to 46 years. The most common sites OMPNST is the mandible, lips, and buccal mucosa. Radiographic examination of intraosseous tumors reveal irregular destruction of the surrounding bone. Definitive diagnosis of OMPNST is confirmed on the basis of findings histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. The prognosis OMPNSTS is poor and to treat by radical surgical excision, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. This systematic review aimed to determine the most significant influential factors in OMPNSTS and evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic methods in this regard.

Is Helicobacter pylori a Potential Risk Factor for Lung Cancer?

Chengfeng Fu (Author) — Wed, 05 Feb 2025 09:27:27 +0000

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacterium known primarily for its role in gastric diseases, including gastric cancer. However, emerging evidence links H. pylori infection to extragastric malignancies, particularly lung cancer. This review examines H. pylori’s biological characteristics, pathogenic mechanisms, and potential association with lung cancer development. It addresses H. pylori’s direct infection pathways, such as aspiration and microbiome transfer, and explores its impact on the immune system via inflammatory responses and molecular mimicry. Epidemiological data demonstrate inconsistent associations between H. pylori infection and lung cancer risk, though some studies suggest H. pylori-derived proteins, like CagA and VacA, might enhance carcinogenicity in lung tissues. Mechanistically, H. pylori-induced upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) may contribute to lung carcinogenesis. Understanding these links could inform future therapeutic and preventive strategies for lung cancer in H. pylori-infected individuals. Further research is essential to clarify these associations and underlying mechanisms.

Future Directions in Oncology Research: Addressing Resistance and Improving Patient Outcomes

Sat, 08 Mar 2025 05:28:17 +0000

Background: Advances in oncology have substantially influenced the management strategies in cancer treatment, necessitating a comprehensive evaluation of contemporary practices alongside emerging technological breakthroughs. This review aims to encapsulate these advancements, with a focus on the integration of medical, and radiation oncology for a multidisciplinary treatment approach.

Methods: Through systematic exploration of recent literature, this article examines pivotal developments in cancer management. Particular attention is given to the evolution and impact of targeted therapies and immunotherapies which have shifted traditional treatment paradigms and significantly improved patient outcomes. The review also delves into the burgeoning field of precision medicine and genomics, showcasing their role in tailoring personalized cancer therapies.

Results: Our findings reveal that while the aforementioned innovations have led to more precise and effective treatment strategies, they also present substantial challenges, including resistance to therapies, issues with healthcare access, and the economic burden of new technologies. These aspects are critically analyzed to portray a realistic view of the advancements and hurdles within the current oncologic landscape.

Conclusion: Looking forward, the article identifies key areas for future research that promise to further enhance the efficacy and accessibility of cancer treatments. By providing a detailed insight into the dynamic field of cancer treatment management, this review serves as a valuable resource for oncologists, researchers, and healthcare professionals, promoting informed decision-making and fostering innovation in the ongoing battle against cancer.

Optimal Pharmaceutical Management Strategies in Cancer Treatment: Novel Approaches

Sat, 08 Mar 2025 05:41:02 +0000

Overview: Cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with effective pharmacotherapy essential for improving patient outcomes. This review explores novel strategies in pharmaceutical management, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and personalized approaches, aimed at optimizing cancer treatment and tailoring therapies based on patient profiles.

Methods: A literature review was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, focusing on studies from the past decade. The review includes clinical trials, meta-analyses, and studies on the mechanisms, effectiveness, and safety of cancer treatments, with a focus on emerging pharmacological approaches, drug resistance, and personalized medicine.

Results: Chemotherapy remains the standard treatment, but drug resistance and side effects limit its effectiveness. Novel therapies, such as targeted therapies and immunotherapies, offer more specificity and reduced toxicity. Personalized medicine, based on genetic profiling, is evolving to tailor treatments to individual patients. Despite these advances, challenges like resistance and side effects remain.

Conclusion: Pharmacological management of cancer has evolved significantly, with targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and precision medicine offering new treatment options. A personalized, multifaceted approach is crucial for optimizing outcomes. Future research should focus on overcoming resistance and optimizing combination therapies to further improve cancer treatment.

Survivin Inhibitors as a Target Therapy for Leukemia

Sun, 04 May 2025 05:14:12 +0000

Leukemia is a type of cancer characterized by the accumulation of leukemic cells in the patient’s peripheral blood. Traditional therapies often fail to completely eliminate these cancer cells, especially in refractory leukemia. One major reason for this failure is apoptosis dysfunction, with anti-apoptotic proteins playing crucial roles in cancer cell survival. Among these proteins, the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), particularly survivin, are highly overexpressed in most cancers, including leukemia, and contribute to chemotherapy resistance. Survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis, is typically expressed during embryonic development and in tumor cells but not in normal adult tissues. It suppresses apoptosis, thereby promoting disease progression and resistance to chemotherapy. In leukemia, survivin expression is associated with poor prognostic outcomes in both acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The dysregulation of apoptosis in leukemic cells is often linked to increased survivin expression, making it a promising therapeutic target. This review explores the diverse roles of survivin in mediating apoptosis, cell division, and chemoresistance in leukemia. It also discusses several survivin-targeting strategies, including ribozymes, immunotherapy, and gene therapy. Preclinical and clinical studies involving survivin inhibitors are currently underway and show promise in increasing the sensitivity of leukemic cells to standard chemotherapy treatments. These therapies, by disrupting survivin’s protective mechanisms, may lead to better treatment outcomes for leukemia patients. Understanding the complex relationship between survivin and apoptotic pathways will provide valuable insights for developing innovative therapeutic strategies against these challenging hematologic malignancies.

Integrative Cancer Care: Leveraging Nutrition and Positive Psychology for Optimal Outcomes

Sun, 04 May 2025 05:26:03 +0000

Overview: This review article examines novel approaches in cancer management, emphasizing the roles of healthy nutrition and positive psychology. In recent years, numerous studies have evaluated the effects of diets rich in antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and fiber, as well as psychological interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness practices, on improving both the physical and mental well-being of cancer patients.

Methods: Relevant studies were retrieved from international databases using keywords including “cancer,” “healthy nutrition,” “positive psychology,” “complementary treatment,” and “immune system.” Inclusion criteria comprised clinical articles, meta-analyses, and observational studies focusing on the impact of nutritional and psychological interventions on treatment outcomes in cancer patients. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using internationally recognized standards.

Results: The findings indicate that nutritional interventions can enhance cellular metabolism, reduce inflammation, and strengthen the immune system, which may contribute to slowing tumor growth. Additionally, psychological interventions have been shown to reduce anxiety and depression, improve emotional coping, and enhance the overall quality of life in patients. Notably, integrated approaches that combine nutritional and psychological strategies addressing both physical and mental health concurrently have yielded particularly promising results. However, some studies have reported limitations, such as small sample sizes and high variability in patient populations.

Conclusion: Integrating healthy nutritional strategies with psychological interventions as complementary therapies shows considerable potential for improving clinical outcomes and the quality of life in cancer patients. Future research employing more rigorous clinical designs and larger sample sizes is needed to clarify the precise role of these approaches within comprehensive cancer treatment protocols.

The Influence of Orthodontic Intervention on Oncology Patients: A Review of Clinical Evidence and Associated Therapeutic Complexities

Ramin Moravedeh, Parisa Sanaei (Author) — Sat, 24 May 2025 06:28:11 +0000

Overview: The intersection of orthodontic treatment and oncology care presents unique clinical challenges, as cancer therapies particularly chemotherapy and radiotherapy often compromise vascularization, impair bone remodeling, and damage oral mucosa. These effects can significantly hinder conventional tooth movement protocols and increase the risk of complications such as osteoradionecrosis and persistent mucosal ulceration. In a narrative review context, understanding these pathophysiological changes is essential for designing orthodontic interventions that balance efficacy with patient safety. Emphasis is placed on the optimal timing of appliance placement relative to cancer therapy cycles, modification of biomechanical force levels, and coordination with oncologists and oral medicine specialists. By synthesizing existing evidence and clinical experience, the review identifies key decision points where interdisciplinary collaboration is most critical.

Findings: Clinical observations indicate that initiating orthodontic movement during or immediately after cancer therapy often leads to prolonged treatment times, attributable to slowed bone turnover and compromised periodontal ligament activity. To mitigate these delays, practitioners have successfully employed lighter continuous forces often reducing force magnitude by 30–50% and extended activation intervals from the typical 4–6 weeks to 8–10 weeks in irradiated sites. Moreover, mucositis and xerostomia remain prevalent soft-tissue complications; proactive management with topical agents, salivary stimulants, and rigorous oral hygiene protocols can substantially reduce treatment interruptions. Importantly, once acute oncologic treatments are completed, patients frequently report enhanced masticatory efficiency, improved esthetics, and significant psychosocial benefits, underscoring the value of orthodontic rehabilitation in survivorship care.

Conclusion: With careful customization of force application, strategic scheduling of appliance adjustments, and close interdisciplinary communication, orthodontic treatment can be both safe and beneficial for oncology patients. Dental teams should develop individualized protocols that account for each patient’s cancer type, treatment history, and oral health status. Future research must focus on prospective studies to refine timing recommendations, quantify optimal force parameters, and establish standardized follow-up regimens to further improve outcomes in this vulnerable population.

Promise and Pitfalls of Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine: An Updated Review

Solomon Matthias Gamde, Saratu Gimbiya Yaroson, Bitty Williams (Author) — Wed, 06 Aug 2025 08:33:54 +0000

The human papilloma virus (HPV) is a primary cause of cervical cancer which is a global health concern. Even though there is a lot of evidence that HPV vaccinations prevent diseases linked to HPV, there are also many unanswered questions about the vaccines. Moreover, the high incidence of HPV-related malignancies highlights serious gaps in the vaccination coverage and education. The unequal distribution of vaccination programs is one of the main reasons why the prevalence of HPV-related malignancies remains high. Many low- and middle-income nations find it difficult to establish and maintain HPV vaccination programs, despite the fact that certain high-income countries have successfully reduced the prevalence of HPV infections via intense vaccination efforts. Due to lack of infrastructure, logistics, and resources, as well as restricted access to healthcare, vaccination rates in poor developing countries continue to fall considerably short of what is required to establish herd immunity. The issue is made worse by inadequate healthcare systems, such as the absence of school-based immunization programs and challenges in reaching rural communities. However, both men and women are at risk of acquiring avoidable malignancies in nations with low vaccination rates, contributing to the global health imbalance. To increase the efficacy of the HPV vaccination, suggestions are made for raising public awareness, expanding accessibility, and doing long-term research.

The Role of Circadian Rhythm Disruption in Cancer Progression: Molecular Mechanisms, Impact on Tumor Biology, and Therapeutic Insights

Humaira Umer, Tamseela Mumtaz (Author) — Wed, 06 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The circadian clock is an innate oscillator that synchronizes a number of biological processes into an approximately 24-hour cycle. Circadian rhythm disruption significantly affects the cancer progression by interfering with cellular processes such as angiogenesis, metabolism, immune surveillance, DNA repair, and cell cycle regulation. CLOCK, BMAL1, PER, and CRY are essential clock genes that are involved in interlocked transcription–translation feedback loops that sustain the circadian clock at the molecular level. When these processes are disrupted by environmental factors, lifestyle modifications, or genetic changes, they lead to immune evasion, unchecked cell growth, and metabolic and vascular remodeling that supports tumors. Furthermore, by altering the chromatin remodeling and gene expression, disturbance of the circadian rhythm might change the epigenetic landscape and further promote carcinogenesis. The molecular connections between cancer biology and circadian disruption are summarized in this review, which also focuses on new chronotherapeutic approaches that try to maximize effectiveness by coordinating cancer therapy with the body’s natural biological clock.